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Ch 3,4 xmas '07

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
a.
economy.
c.
recycling.
b.
modeling.
d.
ecology.
 

 2. 
The combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist is called the
a.
biome.
c.
ecosystem.
b.
community.
d.
biosphere.
 

 3. 
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)
a.
biome.
c.
community.
b.
population.
d.
ecosystem.
 

 4. 
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a.
a population.
c.
an ecosystem.
b.
a community.
d.
a species.
 

 5. 
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a.
heterotroph.
c.
detritivore.
b.
consumer.
d.
autotroph.
 

 6. 
The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to as the region’s
a.
weather.
c.
ecosystem.
b.
latitude.
d.
climate.
 

 7. 
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
a.
plant life.
c.
rainfall.
b.
soil type.
d.
temperature.
 

 8. 
The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
a.
population growth.
c.
climax community.
b.
ecological succession.
d.
climate change.
 

 9. 
Plants are
a.
producers.
c.
herbivores.
b.
consumers.
d.
omnivores.
 

 10. 
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
water
b.
sunlight
d.
carbon
 
 
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0120000.jpg

Figure 3–1
 

 11. 
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
a.
consumers.
c.
producers.
b.
decomposers.
d.
heterotrophs.
 

 12. 
Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
a.
chemosynthetic bacteria
c.
trees
b.
algae
d.
photosynthetic bacteria
 

 13. 
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)
a.
heterotroph.
c.
autotroph.
b.
chemotroph.
d.
producer.
 

 14. 
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called
a.
decomposers.
c.
autotrophs.
b.
omnivores.
d.
producers.
 

 15. 
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
a.
herbivores
c.
chemotrophs
b.
omnivores
d.
autotrophs
 

 16. 
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
a.
energy path
c.
trophic level
b.
food chain
d.
food pyramid
 

 17. 
A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird?
a.
herbivore, decomposer
c.
carnivore, consumer
b.
producer, heterotroph
d.
autotroph, herbivore
 

 18. 
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
a.
first-level producer.
c.
second-level producer.
b.
first-level consumer.
d.
third-level consumer.
 

 19. 
Most of the energy available to a consumer trophic level is used by organisms for
a.
transfer to the next trophic level.
b.
respiration, movement, and reproduction.
c.
producing inorganic chemical compounds.
d.
performing photosynthesis.
 

 20. 
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
a.
a numbers pyramid
c.
a biomass pyramid
b.
an energy pyramid
d.
a food pyramid
 

 21. 
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
a.
matter is passed out of the body as waste.
b.
matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
c.
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
d.
biological systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
 

 22. 
The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
a.
the water cycle.
c.
precipitation.
b.
the condensation cycle.
d.
evaporation.
 

 23. 
Which of the following is NOT recycled in the biosphere?
a.
water
c.
carbon
b.
nitrogen
d.
energy
 

 24. 
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
a.
photosynthesis.
c.
burning of fossil fuels.
b.
transpiration.
d.
decomposition of plants and animals.
 

 25. 
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
a.
in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
b.
underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rock
c.
in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide
d.
all of the above
 

 26. 
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
a.
humans.
c.
bacteria.
b.
plants.
d.
consumers.
 

 27. 
Organisms need nutrients in order to
a.
utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
c.
recycle chemical compounds.
b.
carry out essential life functions.
d.
carry out nitrogen fixation.
 

 28. 
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
a.
energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.
b.
energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available.
c.
nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles.
d.
energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat.
 

 29. 
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that
a.
human activity will have no effect on elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter.
b.
living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient.
c.
nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere.
d.
many nutrients will not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere.
 

 30. 
What can happen after a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient?
a.
An algal bloom occurs.
b.
Algae begin to die and decomposers take over.
c.
Nitrogen compounds are recycled.
d.
The concentration of oxygen drops below the necessary level.
 
 
Ants and Seed Dispersal
Many species of plants in the family Proteaceae produce seeds with fleshy structures called ”elaiosomes.‘ Elaiosomes are protein-rich ”food patches‘ that are attractive to ants.                                                                                                                                            bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0330000.jpg
In the Cape region of South Africa, native ants carry the Proteaceae
seeds back to their nests where they eat the elaiosomes and discard the seeds in underground chambers. A species of Proteaceae seeds, Mimetes cucullatus (M. cucullatus), will successfully germinate after being placed underground by the native ants.

An ant native to Argentina was accidentally introduced to the Cape’s
shrub lands and displaced many of the native ants. The non-native
ant also feeds on elaiosomes. However, they discard the seeds on the
surface. This allows the seeds to be eaten by rodents or destroyed by
brush fires. The effects on the dispersal of the Proteaceae M. cucullatus in a typical situation are shown in the diagram below.
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0330001.jpg
 

 31. 
According to the data, introduction of the Argentine ant has affected M. cucullatus by
a.
increasing seedling survival.
c.
decreasing seed survival.
b.
increasing germination rates
d.
decreasing seed consumption.
 
 
The diagram below illustrates the relationships in a forest food web. bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0350000.jpg
 

 32. 
      Based on this diagram, an ecologist would most likely conclude that a decrease in the fox population would result in
a.
an increase in the owl population.
c.
a decrease in the chipmunk population.
b.
a decrease in the rabbit population.
d.
an increase in the grasshopper population.
 

 33. 
How many energy-transferring steps away from the sun is the deer?
a.
0 -1
c.
2-3
b.
2
d.
2-5
 
 
The following graph shows the ranges of temperature and precipitation for six American biomes, two of which are identified by name.
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0380000.jpg
 

 34. 
Which two biomes share the most similar precipitation ranges?
a.
biome W and biome X
c.
biome Z and the coniferous forest
b.
the temperate forest and biome Y
d.
the coniferous forest and temperate forest
 

 35. 
Biome Z would likely be found in which of these locations?
a.
in a valley along the Pacific coast
c.
in the middle of the Midwestern plains
b.
along a rocky shore in New England
d.
above the tree line in the Rocky Mountains
 

 36. 
Tropical forests typically have a narrow range of temperatures but a wide variation in the amount of rain that falls per year. Additionally, some tropical forests receive nearly twice as much precipitation as other wet biomes.  

Which biome(s)  represents the tropical forests?
a.
W
d.
Z
b.
X
e.
Both z and Y
c.
Y
 

 37. 
All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT
a.
latitude.
c.
transport of heat.
b.
longitude.
d.
shape and elevation of landmasses.
 

 38. 
Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
a.
unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
b.
loss of heat to space.
c.
radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere.
d.
greenhouse effect.
 

 39. 
The loss of heat to space is slowed by
a.
radiation entering the atmosphere.
c.
solar energy.
b.
atmospheric gases.
d.
the biosphere.
 

 40. 
The greenhouse effect is
a.
the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
b.
a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
c.
the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
d.
an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.
 

 41. 
Which of the following can influence the climate in a small area within a biome?
a.
the average temperature and precipitation
b.
the latitude of the biome
c.
natural features such as a lake
d.
the greenhouse effect
 

 42. 
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
a.
desert
c.
tundra
b.
temperate forest
d.
tropical dry forest
 

 43. 
A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
a.
average precipitation and temperature.
b.
characteristic ecological community.
c.
distance from the equator.
d.
specific geographical location.
 

 44. 
Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils, and is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering shrubs, and ferns?
a.
whitetail deer
c.
iguana
b.
polar bear
d.
moose
 

 45. 
In which biome do we live?
a.
Temperate deciduous forest
c.
Temperate Grassland
b.
Lake effect biome
d.
Taiga
 

 46. 
Lake Erie causes
a.
local climate conditions
c.
has nothing to do with our weather
b.
determines our biome
d.
local flooding
 

 47. 
Which of the following is true of the theory of Global Warming
a.
it is supported by little evidence
c.
it is due to the green house effect
b.
it is likely a factor in storm activity
d.
all of these
 
 
USING SCIENCE SKILLS

bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0530000.jpg

Figure 3–6
 

 48. 
CO2 in the atmospher is a major part of
a.
green house effect
c.
local climates
b.
acid rain
d.
none of these
 

 49. 
The carbon on the planet is
a.
Static or doesn’t change
d.
both a and c
b.
Mostly in the air
e.
both a and b
c.
Is a part of the green house effect
 

 50. 
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0560000.jpg
Napoleon Dynamite looks
a.
flippin’ sweet
c.
mad
b.
mean
d.
naked
 

 51. 
Tina should
a.
eat the ham!
c.
stop being such a fat lard
b.
eat the food!
d.
all of the above (the answer is pretty much d)
 

 52. 
While looking at the illustration of Tina and Napoleon above, Tina clearly is:
a.
a dog
c.
an acorn with ears
b.
a cat
d.
a lama  (hint: she isn’t a dog or a cat)
 
 
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0590000.jpg
 

 53. 
Santa is most likely
a.
looking for his other leg
c.
going down the chimney
b.
about to gank some serious loot
d.
stuck
 
 
USING SCIENCE SKILLS

bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0610000.jpg

bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0610001.jpg

Figure 3–5
 

 54. 
How many kilocalories (kcal) are available to the top carnivore in fig 3-5
a.
1
c.
100
b.
10
d.
10,000
 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 
 
bio_3-4_xmas_-07_files/i0640000.jpg
 

 55. 
This is an image of a Napoleon Dynamite Pen.
 

Matching
 
 
a.
biomass
f.
biogeochemical cycle
b.
food chain
g.
niche
c.
species
h.
habitat
d.
trophic level
i.
deciduous
e.
limiting nutrient
j.
symbiosis
 

 56. 
Type of trees we mostly have in our biome.  Leave change color and fall
 

 57. 
a representation of the transfer of energy in an ecosystem
 

 58. 
a step in a food chain, energy pyramid or food web.
 

 59. 
phosphorous, carbon, nitrogen movement through the biosphere.
 

 60. 
an close interelationship between two organisms.
 

 61. 
where and organism lives
 

 62. 
the job an organism has in the environment
 

 63. 
organisms that they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
 

 64. 
a necessary substance that is so scarce in an ecosystem that it controls the growth of living organisms.
 

 65. 
all the living stuff in an ecosystem by wieght or mass.
 



 
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