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Ch 15 Evolution '07

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations
a.
in England.
c.
on the Galápagos Islands.
b.
in North America.
d.
in Asia.
 

 2. 
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
a.
completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
b.
species exactly like those found in South America.
c.
somewhat similar species, with traits that suited their particular environments.
d.
species completely unrelated to those found in South America.
 

 3. 
The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the
a.
similarities of the birds’ embryos.
c.
length of the birds’ necks.
b.
birds’ different-shaped beaks.
d.
number of eggs in each bird’s nest.
 

 4. 
Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered
a.
if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species.
b.
if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species.
c.
if all birds on the different islands were finches.
d.
why all tortoises on the different islands were identical.
 

 5. 
Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
a.
experimentation with animals.
b.
observations of many species and their geographical location.
c.
reading the writings of Wallace.
d.
agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution.
 

 6. 
James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that
a.
Earth is many millions of years old.
b.
Earth is several thousand years old.
c.
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years.
d.
all rocks on Earth contain fossils.
 

 7. 
In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that
a.
the human population will outgrow the available food supply.
b.
all populations evolve through natural selection.
c.
Earth is a few thousand years old.
d.
past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today.
 

 8. 
One scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was
a.
Thomas Malthus.
c.
Charles Darwin.
b.
James Hutton.
d.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
 

 9. 
James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists
a.
explained volcanoes and earthquakes.
b.
explained all geologic events on Earth.
c.
suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.
d.
refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings.
 

 10. 
What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?
a.
Earth is relatively young.
b.
Earth is very old.
c.
All geological change is caused by living organisms.
d.
The processes that formed old rocks on Earth do not operate today.
 

 11. 
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
a.
Change is the result of survival of the fittest.
b.
Body structure can change according to the actions of the organism.
c.
Population size decreases the rate of evolution.
d.
Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
 

 12. 
Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species appear as a result of
a.
continual increases in population size.
b.
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c.
an unchanging local environment.
d.
the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
 

 13. 
Which of the following is LEAST likely evolving?
a.
Brandon New a known Steeer Fan.
b.
The tuberculosis bacteria in the hospital.
c.
The population of geese in the MHS field
d.
The perch population in Lake Erie.
 

 14. 
The idea that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by
a.
Charles Darwin.
c.
Thomas Malthus.
b.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
d.
Charles Lyell.
 

 15. 
Darwin realized that the economist Malthus’s theory of population control
a.
applied only to humans.
b.
could be generalized to any population of organisms.
c.
could be generalized only when populations lived in crowded conditions.
d.
explained why the number of deaths exceeded that of births.
 

 16. 
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work titled
a.
Principles of Geology.
b.
Essay on the Principle of Population.
c.
Evolution in Malaysia.
d.
On the Origin of Species.
 

 17. 
Why might Darwin have hesitated to publish his concept of evolution by natural selection?
a.
He realized it was not supported by his data.
b.
He felt it was too similar to Lamarck’s to be considered original.
c.
He was disturbed by his findings, which challenged fundamental scientific beliefs.
d.
He realized that his idea was contradicted by the work of Hutton and Lyell.
 

 18. 
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the
a.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
b.
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
c.
lack of competition within the species.
d.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
 

 19. 
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
a.
species that are perfect and unchanging.
b.
homologous structures.
c.
traits that are produced artificially.
d.
natural variations that are present in a species.
 

 20. 
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
a.
natural selection.
c.
artificial variation.
b.
artificial selection.
d.
survival of the fittest.
 

 21. 
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
a.
acquired characteristics
c.
survival of the fittest
b.
reproductive isolation
d.
descent with modification
 

 22. 
Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection?
a.
They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring.
b.
They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.
c.
They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.
d.
They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
 

 23. 
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
a.
diversity.
c.
adaptation.
b.
fitness.
d.
evolution.
 

 24. 
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
a.
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.
b.
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
c.
the greatest number of offspring.
d.
variations best suited to the environment.
 

 25. 
Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?
a.
the natural variation found in all populations
b.
unrelated but similar species living in different locations
c.
changes in the inherited characteristics of a population
d.
the struggle for existence undergone by all living things
 
 

bio_ch_15_test_-07_files/i0270000.jpg
Typical Steeler Fan
 

 26. 
One reason evolution is hard to grasp is that
a.
it has no real scientific basis
b.
DNA does not back up the claims of evolution
c.
the time for evolution to occur is so long we can’t see it happen easily
d.
Steeler’s fans don’t seem to have evoloved.
 
 
bio_ch_15_test_-07_files/i0290000.jpg

Figure 15–1
 

 27. 
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 15–1 are
a.
examples of fossils.
c.
acquired traits.
b.
vestigial structures.
d.
examples of natural variation.
 

 28. 
Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
a.
share a common ancestor with sea stars.
b.
evolved from sea stars.
c.
evolved before sea stars.
d.
belong to the same species as sea stars.
 

 29. 
Darwin’s concept of evolution was NOT influenced by
a.
the work of Charles Lyell.
b.
knowledge about the structure of DNA.
c.
his collection of specimens.
d.
his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle.
 

 30. 
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
a.
the needs of the organisms.
c.
the struggle for existence.
b.
a common ancestor.
d.
the inheritance of acquired traits.
 

 31. 
Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a.
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
b.
The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest.
c.
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
d.
Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
 

 32. 
In order to play a part in evolution you must
a.
reproduce
b.
survive
c.
be fit
d.
like biology and your biology teacher more than life itself.
 

 33. 
Organisms well suited to their environment
a.
reproduce at a greater rate than those less suited to the same environment.
b.
are always larger than organisms less suited to that environment.
c.
always live longer than organisms less suited to that environment.
d.
need less food than organisms less suited to that environment.
 

 34. 
When Darwin published his theory of evolution, he included all of the following ideas except
a.
the idea that species change slowly over time.
b.
the idea that some organisms become less suited to their environment than others.
c.
Mendel’s ideas about genetics.
d.
the idea that some organisms reproduce at a greater rate than others.
 
 
The diagrams below represent bones in the limbs of fossil horses and modern horses.
bio_ch_15_test_-07_files/i0380000.jpg
 

 35. 
Refer to the illustration above. The fossils indicate that horse evolution probably has taken place
a.
rapidly.
b.
in only one place on Earth.
c.
gradually.
d.
five times by the process of punctuated equilibrium.
 

 36. 
Which of the following are examples of fossils?
a.
shells or old bones
b.
any traces of dead organisms
c.
footprints of human ancestors, insects trapped in tree sap, and animals buried in tar
d.
All of the above
 
 
bio_ch_15_test_-07_files/i0410000.jpg
 

 37. 
Refer to the illustration above. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that
a.
they have identical DNA.
b.
they all have pharyngeal pouches.
c.
their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.
d.
they all have the same number of chromosomes.
 

 38. 
Refer to the illustration above. The similarity of these structures suggests that the organisms
a.
have a common ancestor.
c.
evolved slowly.
b.
all grow at different rates.
d.
live for a long time.
 

 39. 
Which of the following is a vestigial structure?
a.
the human tailbone
c.
flower color
b.
the bill of a finch
d.
fossil cast
 

 40. 
Structures that have reduced in size because they no longer serve an important function are called
a.
inorganic.
c.
fossilized.
b.
mutated.
d.
vestigial.
 

 41. 
Since natural resources are limited, all organisms
a.
must migrate to new habitats.
c.
display vestigial structures.
b.
face a constant struggle for existence.
d.
have a species half-life.
 

 42. 
The appearance of darker colored moths on the soot covered trees in Manchester England is the result of
a.
moths wanting to be dark so they could hide
b.
darker moths being more likely to reproduce
c.
individual moths evolving
d.
the evolution of beaks of the local birds.
 

 43. 
Darwin was conflicted about his theory of evolution because
a.
the seeming incompatibility it had for religion.
c.
he couldn’t explain how a beak of a finch could change.
b.
he wasn’t the first to come up with it.
d.
he had no idea about DNA.
 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 

 44. 
Species that have evolved from a common ancestor should have certain characteristics in common.
 

 45. 
The fossil record suggests that species have become less complex over time.
 

 46. 
The theory of evolution predicts that genes will accumulate more alterations in their nucleotide sequences over time.
 

 47. 
Evidence for evolution occurs only in the fossil record.
 

 48. 
The human forelimb and the bat forelimb are homologous structures.
 

 49. 
Early in development, human embryos and the embryos of all other vertebrates are strikingly similar.
 

 50. 
When food is scarce, there is little selective pressure on the beaks of finches.
 

Other
 

 51. 
Predicting Suppose a dolphin population becomes trapped in a harbor that is growing smaller and more shallow because of climate changes. Is it likely that the dolphins would evolve into a land-dwelling species in a few thousand years? Explain your answer.
 



 
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