Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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The germ theory of disease
states that infectious diseases are caused by a. | toxins. | c. | heredity. | b. | microorganisms. | d. | materials in the environment. | | | | |
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2.
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Diseases are caused
by a. | pathogens. | c. | fungi. | b. | cigarette
smoke. | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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3.
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An infectious disease is one
that is caused by a. | heredity. | c. | pathogens. | b. | materials in the
environment. | d. | hemophilia. | | | | |
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4.
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Which of the following is NOT a
step in identifying the pathogen that causes a specific disease? a. | The pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy
organism. | b. | The pathogen should be isolated and grown in a pure
culture. | c. | The purified pathogens should cause the same disease in a new
host. | d. | The pathogen should be isolated from the second
host. | | |
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5.
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How are infectious diseases
spread? a. | through coughing, sneezing, or physical
contact | b. | through contaminated water and food | c. | by infected animals | d. | all of the above | | |
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6.
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An example of an infectious
disease that is caused by a virus is a. | athlete’s
foot. | c. | influenza (the flu). | b. | tuberculosis. | d. | tetanus. | | | | |
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7.
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Which of the following is an
example of a vector and the disease it spreads? a. | tall grass and Lyme
disease | c. | the Nile river and West Nile disease | b. | the deer tick and Lyme disease | d. | insecticides and
malaria | | | | |
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8.
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How can you prevent the spread
of Lyme disease? a. | Wash your hands frequently. | b. | Avoid sexual contact. | c. | Avoid tall grasses and wooded
areas. | d. | Cover your mouth with a tissue when you
cough. | | |
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9.
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Each of the following is an
infectious disease EXCEPT a. | AIDS. | c. | influenza. | b. | chicken pox. | d. | cancer. | | | | |
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10.
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Antibiotics fight infections
by a. | preventing viruses from replicating. | b. | killing bacteria. | c. | killing infected
cells. | d. | growing green mold that inhibits bacterial
growth. | | |
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11.
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Which of the following is a
mechanism that some antiviral drugs use to fight viruses? a. | interfering with the ability of viruses to invade cells and multiply once inside of
them | b. | increasing protein synthesis on ribosomes | c. | killing both bacterial and human cells | d. | none of the above | | |
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12.
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Compounds that kill bacterial
cells without harming the cells of humans or other animals are called a. | antiviral drugs. | c. | antibiotics. | b. | insecticides. | d. | carcinogens. | | | | |
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13.
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One advantage of a fever is
that it can slow down the a. | activities of white blood
cells. | c. | growth of pathogens. | b. | rate of chemical
reactions. | d. | body’s recovery from infection. | | | | |
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14.
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The body’s nonspecific
defenses against invading pathogens include a. | antibiotics. | c. | antibodies. | b. | mucus, sweat, and
tears. | d. | killer T cells. | | | | |
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15.
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The inflammatory response can
cause a. | permanent immunity. | c. | antibodies to bind to antigens. | b. | pain, swelling, and fever. | d. | killer T cells to attack infected cells. | | | | |
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16.
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The body’s most important
nonspecific defense is a. | the skin. | c. | the inflammatory
response. | b. | cell-mediated immunity. | d. | permanent
immunity. | | | | |
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17.
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If the skin is cut or broken,
an infection can result from microorganisms a. | in the
air. | c. | in the blood. | b. | on the
skin. | d. | in the mucus. | | | | |
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18.
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Unlike passive immunity, in
active immunity antibodies are produced by a. | the mother of an
infant. | c. | other animals. | b. | your own
body. | d. | an autoimmune disease. | | | | |
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19.
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When a person receives a
vaccine, his or her body a. | receives antibodies against a specific
pathogen. | b. | creates plasma cells that can produce antibodies against the specific
pathogen. | c. | creates antigens to fight the specific
pathogen. | d. | immediately begins fighting the infection caused by the
pathogens. | | |
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20.
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Humoral immunity is carried out
by a. | killer T cells. | c. | antibodies. | b. | lymphocytes. | d. | macrophages. | | | | |
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21.
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If a person has memory B cells
against a certain pathogen, the person is a. | likely to develop that
disease. | b. | much less likely to develop the disease a second
time. | c. | able to spread the disease to others through physical
contact. | d. | probably still sick with the disease. | | |
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22.
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A person who has received a
vaccine against polio a. | is able to produce antibodies against
polio. | b. | is more susceptible to the polio virus than someone who has not had
the vaccine. | c. | has polio antibodies in the bloodstream. | d. | has antipolio killer T cells in the bloodstream. | | |
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23.
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An immune response is triggered
by a(an) a. | antibiotic. | c. | antigen. | b. | antibody. | d. | histamine. | | | | |
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24.
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Asthma is an example
of a. | the immune system attacking its own body cells. | b. | the immune system overreacting to an antigen. | c. | an autoimmune disease. | d. | an infection. | | |
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25.
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The sneezing, runny nose, and
itchy eyes associated with allergies are caused when a. | smooth muscles reduce the size of air passageways in the
lungs. | b. | the immune system attacks the body’s own
cells. | c. | mast cells release histamines. | d. | infected cells produce interferon. | | |
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26.
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What happens when a person who
is allergic to ragweed encounters ragweed? a. | Ragweed antigens bind to mast cells, which
release histamines. | b. | Ragweed antibodies attack the immune
system. | c. | Mast cells release antihistamines into the
bloodstream. | d. | The cells of the immune system become
weakened. | | |
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27.
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The symptoms of allergies
include a. | runny nose and a fever. | b. | sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. | c. | unusual infections of the lungs, mouth, throat, and skin. | d. | formation of a tumor. | | |
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28.
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What causes
asthma? a. | Particular antigens trigger mast cells to release
histamines. | b. | Particular antigens trigger muscle contractions that make it difficult
to breathe. | c. | Antibodies and killer T cells attack cells in the tissues of the
lungs. | d. | Antibodies and killer T cells attack cells in the lining of the
heart. | | |
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29.
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An example of an autoimmune
disease is a. | asthma. | c. | multiple sclerosis. | b. | allergies. | d. | strep throat. | | | | |
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30.
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Autoimmune diseases result when
the immune system a. | fails to distinguish self from
nonself. | c. | is weakened by asthma. | b. | overreacts to certain
antigens. | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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31.
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Antibodies attack neuromuscular
junctions in a. | rheumatoid arthritis. | c. | multiple
sclerosis. | b. | myasthenia gravis. | d. | Type I diabetes. | | | | |
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32.
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All of the following are ways
that HIV can be spread EXCEPT a. | sharing needles for intravenous drug
use. | b. | tending to another person’s bleeding wound when you have a cut
on your hand. | c. | using another person’s hairbrush. | d. | having sex without a condom. | | |
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33.
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Doctors first suspected that
AIDS was weakening the immune system of infected patients when their patients
developed a. | asthma. | c. | rare infections. | b. | allergies. | d. | strep throat. | | | | |
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34.
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HIV weakens the immune system
by killing a. | antibodies. | c. | helper T cells. | b. | B cells. | d. | killer T cells. | | | | |
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35.
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HIV spreads through the body
by a. | replicating inside the cells of the immune system. | b. | preventing the body from producing antibodies against HIV. | c. | causing the body to have asthma attacks. | d. | strengthening the immune system. | | |
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36.
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Which of the following presents
a risk of spreading HIV? a. | abstaining from
sex | b. | giving blood | c. | kissing someone on the cheek | d. | using a contaminated needle to receive an injection | | |
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37.
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Factors that affect air quality
include a. | carbon monoxide. | c. | airborne
particulates. | b. | ozone. | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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38.
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Lead pollution is no longer a
serious problem because a. | lead particulates are not easily
inhaled. | b. | leaded gasoline was replaced with unleaded
gasoline. | c. | lead particulates are washed into rivers and
streams. | d. | asbestos is now used instead of lead. | | |
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39.
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Cancer cells affect other cells
in the body by a. | taking in nutrients needed by other cells. | b. | increasing nerve connections. | c. | forming benign tumors throughout the body. | d. | all of the above | | |
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40.
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Cancer can be caused
by a. | bacteria. | c. | radiation. | b. | asthma. | d. | allergies. | | | | |
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41.
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A benign tumor is one
that a. | is cancerous. | b. | has undergone
metastasis. | c. | does not spread to other parts of the body. | d. | does not divide uncontrollably. | | |
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42.
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Radiation and cigarette smoke
both a. | cause mutations in DNA. | b. | are carcinogens. | c. | cause nausea, headaches, and hair loss. | d. | destroy fast-growing cancer cells. | | |
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43.
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Healthful behaviors
include a. | eating a healthful diet. | c. | getting regular
checkups. | b. | getting plenty of exercise. | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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44.
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Eating foods that are low in
saturated fat and cholesterol may help prevent a. | cancer. | c. | obesity. | b. | bacterial diseases. | d. | STDs. | | | | |
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45.
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Regular excercise is important
because it a. | suppresses the immune system. | c. | reduce the risk of getting an
STD. | b. | helps prevent heart disease. | d. | helps prevent
cancer. | | | | |
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