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Env. Sci Xmas '06 ch 7,8

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?
a.
increasing runoff
b.
absorbing and removing pollutants from water
c.
trapping carbon that would otherwise be released into the air
d.
controlling floods
 

 2. 
Estuaries are very productive ecosystems because they receive fresh nutrients from
a.
lakes and ponds.
c.
marshes and swamps.
b.
rivers and oceans.
d.
streams and springs.
 

 3. 
What causes most coastal pollution in the United States?
a.
overfishing
c.
industrial waste and sewage
b.
temperature changes
d.
lakes and ponds
 

 4. 
What adaptation prevents phytoplankton from sinking into deep waters?
a.
whiskers
c.
flagella
b.
streamlined body shape
d.
tentacles
 

 5. 
Swamps are commonly found on
a.
rocky hillsides.
c.
forest clearings.
b.
flat, poorly drained land.
d.
bottoms of ponds or lakes.
 

 6. 
The majority of marine organisms are found in
a.
deep ocean waters.
c.
fisheries.
b.
shallow, coastal waters.
d.
None of the above
 

 7. 
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
a.
wider.
c.
slower.
b.
warmer.
d.
All of the above
 

 8. 
Which of the following statements is not correct?
a.
Lakes may contain a region that receives little sunlight.
b.
Wetlands help remove pollutants from water.
c.
Swamps are dominated by woody shrubs and water-loving trees.
d.
Rivers generally move faster, and their oxygen levels decrease, as they near the ocean.
 

 9. 
Two threats to ocean ecosystems are
a.
nutrient runoff and industrial waste discharges.
b.
overfishing and entanglement of marine mammals in trawl nets.
c.
sewage and algal blooms.
d.
All of the above
 

 10. 
The types of organisms found in a pond or lake depend on
a.
the amount of sunlight available.
c.
the presence of nutrients.
b.
the temperature of the water.
d.
All of the above
 

 11. 
In the _____ zone, life is diverse and abundant.
a.
benthic
c.
littoral
b.
eutrophic
d.
plankton
 

 12. 
In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.
a.
benthic
c.
littoral
b.
eutrophic
d.
plankton
 

 13. 
Most pollutants that enter estuaries break down over time, yet they are still considered a problem because
a.
the pollutants eventually concentrate in the ocean.
b.
it is the volume of the pollutants, more than the time factor, that harms estuaries.
c.
the pollutants break down into still more dangerous toxins.
d.
None of the above
 

 14. 
What mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos?
a.
One lives in a freshwater ecosystem and the other lives in salty water.
b.
One swims freely and the other often lives attached to a hard surface.
c.
One is a predator and the other is a primary producer.
d.
All of the above
 

 15. 
Estuaries
a.
are always saltwater ecosystems.
b.
are always freshwater ecosystems.
c.
are ecosystems where both fresh water and salt water are present.
d.
prevent the development of salt marshes.
 

 16. 
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
a.
fish
c.
phytoplankton
b.
barnacles
d.
zooplankton
 

 17. 
The arrangement of organisms in the open ocean is determined by the
a.
increase in salt content from shallow to deep waters.
b.
size of the benthic zone, where photosynthesis occurs.
c.
amount of nutrients and sunlight that are available.
d.
distribution of zooplankton.
 

 18. 
Which of the following is not characteristic of wetlands?
a.
Wetlands have plentiful nutrients and the capacity for photosynthesis.
b.
Wetlands are limited to inland freshwater environments.
c.
Wetlands are perceived historically as disease-infested wastelands.
d.
Wetlands have varied populations of plants and animals.
 

 19. 
An estuary functions as a mineral trap due to
a.
its great depth and particularly sticky sediment.
b.
the mixing action of river water and ocean water.
c.
its storing of pesticides from agricultural runoff.
d.
the filtering action of bottom-feeding fish species.
 

 20. 
Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of
a.
volcanic activity that is common in tropical marine environments.
b.
the gradual accumulation and fusion of skeletons of bony fish.
c.
the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.
d.
minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up.
 

 21. 
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
a.
lakes and ponds
c.
littoral zones and benthic zones
b.
rivers and streams
d.
marshes and swamps
 

 22. 
Which of the following is not characteristic of salt marshes and mangrove swamps?
a.
Both provide habitats for wildlife.
b.
Both are dominated by marsh grasses.
c.
Both are found along coastal areas.
d.
Both are threatened by development.
 

 23. 
Which ecosystem has the highest level of salinity?
a.
salt marsh
c.
river
b.
brackish marsh
d.
pond
 

 24. 
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
a.
oil spills
c.
pesticides
b.
sewage
d.
All of the above
 

 25. 
Why doesn’t photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water?
a.
The water temperature is too cold.
b.
There is no sunlight.
c.
There are not enough nutrients.
d.
The salinity level of the water is too high.
 

 26. 
Which lake most likely has more species
a.
the noneutrophic
c.
probably both the same
b.
the eutrophic
 

 27. 
In the non eutrophic lake, when does it run out of oxygen?
a.
8m
c.
6m
b.
10m
d.
somewhere deeper than 17m.
 

 28. 
Thick fur on deer is not an example of coevolution. Why?
a.
because thick fur is an adaptation
b.
because deer with thick fur live longer
c.
because thick fur evolved in response to a cold climate, not in response to other organisms
d.
because in the lowlands, where the climate was sunny and warm, deer that did not have thick fur became separated from other deer that did have thick fur
 

 29. 
An example of a population is
a.
all trees in a forest.
c.
all plants in a forest.
b.
all maple trees in a forest.
d.
all animals in a forest.
 

 30. 
The density of a population is
a.
the number of individuals born every year.
b.
the proportion of males and females.
c.
the number of individuals living in cities.
d.
the number of individuals per unit area.
 

 31. 
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
a.
a roundworm in a human’s intestine.
c.
a tick on a cat.
b.
a cow in a pasture.
d.
mistletoe on a tree.
 

 32. 
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
a.
parasite and host.
c.
competition.
b.
predator and prey.
d.
mutualism.
 

 33. 
In which of the following relationships is neither species harmed?
a.
predation
c.
parasitism
b.
competition
d.
commensalism
 

 34. 
Which of the following populations has a random dispersion?
a.
flock of flamingoes
c.
herd of bison
b.
pine trees in a pine forest
d.
solitary snakes in a desert
 

 35. 
Which of the following would most likely cause a large number of density-independent deaths in a population?
a.
winter storms
c.
predators
b.
disease-carrying insects
d.
limited resources
 

 36. 
Which of the following organisms has the highest reproductive potential?
a.
dogs
c.
bacteria
b.
elephants
d.
humans
 

 37. 
A species of plant has exponential growth after it is introduced into an area where it has never lived. Which statement best describes exponential growth?
a.
Each individual plant grows much larger than usual.
b.
The population immediately decreases.
c.
Within a few years the population increases dramatically.
d.
The species’ reproductive potential declines.
 

 38. 
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of
a.
commensalism.
c.
parasitism.
b.
mutualism.
d.
predation.
 

 39. 
The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations
a.
density.
c.
size.
b.
dispersion.
d.
birth rate.
 

 40. 
A female dog’s niche includes all of the following except
a.
fleas that infest the dog.
c.
how the dog protects its owners.
b.
the number of puppies the dog has.
d.
the neighbor’s enclosed yard.
 

 41. 
If over a long period of time, each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to reproduce, the population would
a.
grow.
c.
remain the same.
b.
shrink.
d.
disperse randomly.
 

 42. 
Which of the following has the greatest effect on reproductive potential?
a.
producing more offspring at a time
c.
having a longer life span
b.
reproducing more often
d.
reproducing earlier in life
 

 43. 
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
a.
may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators.
b.
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
c.
are always animals and never plants.
d.
immediately kill their hosts.
 

 44. 
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a.
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
b.
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating most of the lichens
c.
a bank account that earns interest
d.
mold appearing on bread overnight
 

 45. 
The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the
a.
number of individuals in the species.
c.
reproductive potential of the species.
b.
distribution of the population.
d.
supply of the most limited resources.
 

 46. 
Which of the following statements explains why the growth of orchids on the high branches of tropical trees is an example of commensalism?
a.
The orchids draw nourishment from the trees.
b.
The trees are neither benefited nor harmed.
c.
The orchids keep parasites away.
d.
The trees receive nutrients from the orchids.
 

 47. 
Which of the following statements is not correct?
a.
Mutualism is a type of symbiosis.
b.
Yucca moths and yucca plants have a symbiotic relationship.
c.
Symbiosis is a relationship in which two organisms live apart.
d.
Coyotes and foxes are competitors because they feed on the same kinds of animals.
 

 48. 
Which of the following is one of the main properties used to describe a population?
a.
number of individuals
c.
number of species
b.
color of individuals
d.
kind of adaptations
 

 49. 
Which of the following statements is correct?
a.
An organism’s niche is only the part of its habitat that it eats.
b.
An organism’s habitat is a location.
c.
Habitat and niche are the same thing.
d.
An organism’s niche is outside its habitat.
 

 50. 
Competition for food cannot occur
a.
between two populations.
b.
among members of the same population.
c.
among populations whose niches overlap.
d.
between animals from two different ecosystems.
 

 51. 
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?
a.
the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce
b.
the maximum number of offspring each individual can produce
c.
the number of interactions each individual has
d.
the size of offspring each individual can produce
 

 52. 
The difference between a predator and a parasite is that a predator
a.
usually kills and eats its prey.
c.
lives in or on a host.
b.
benefits from another organism.
d.
harms another organism.
 
 
env-_sci_xmas_-06_ch_7-8_files/i0540000.jpg
 

 53. 
The diagram labled A is
a.
mutualism
c.
predation
b.
commensalis
d.
parasitism
 

 54. 
Diagram “d” shows
a.
mutualism
c.
parisitism
b.
commensalism
d.
communism
 

 55. 
Diagram “b” indicates a relationship known as
a.
commensalism
c.
competition
b.
predation
d.
parasitism
 



 
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